Validity and reliability in interviews Validity and reliability in experiments Validity and reliability in questionnaires Validity and reliability in observations Validity and reliability in tests Validity and reliability in life historiesīASES OF VALIDITY IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Controllability Natural Isolation, control, manipulation of Variables Thick description Replicability Uniqueness Predictability Emergence, unpredictability Generalizability Context-freedom Context-boundedness Fragmentation and atomization Holism Randomization of samples Purposive sample/no sampling Neutrality Value-ladenness of observations Objectivity Confirmability Observability Observable and non-observable meanings/ intentions Inference Description, inference, explanation ‘Etic’ research ‘Emic’ research Observations Meaningsĥ BASES OF RELIABILITY IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH © LOUIS COHEN, LAWRENCE MANION & KEITH MORRISONĭefining validity Validity in quantitative research Validity in qualitative research Types of validity Triangulation Validity in mixed methods research Ensuring validity Reliability Reliability in quantitative research Reliability in qualitative research
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